148 research outputs found
On the Anatomy of Productivity Growth: A Decomposition of the Fisher Ideal TFP Index
Decompositions of productivity indices contribute to our understanding of what drives the observed productivity changes by providing a detailed picture of their constituents. This paper presents the most comprehensive decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) to date. Starting from the Fisher ideal TFP index, we systematically isolate the productivity effects of changes in production technology, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, allocative efficiency, and the market strength. The three efficiency components further decompose into input- and output-side effects. The proposed decomposition is illustrated with an empirical application to a sample of 459 Finnish farms over period 1992-2000.index numbers and aggregation, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement, Fisher ideal index, Malmquist index, decompositions, agriculture
Onko tavanomainen maidontuotanto luonnonmukaista tehokkaampaa?
Tavanomainen maidontuotanto on teknisesti tehokkaampaa eli se on tuottavampaa kuin luomutuotanto, kun tarkastellaan pelkÀstÀÀn perinteisiÀ tuotoksia ja panoksia. Luomutilojen tehokkuus riippuu kuitenkin siitÀ, kuinka pitkÀÀn luomutuotantoa on harjoitettu. Tekninen kehitys on ollut luomutiloilla vÀhintÀÀn yhtÀ nopeaa kuin tavanomaisilla tiloilla.vo
Do the opportunity costs of providing crop diversity differ between organic and conventional farms? The case of Finnish agriculture
The attractiveness of targeted environmental policies on farmlands depends crucially on the
opportunity costs of the conservation programs. We use a crop diversity index as an indicator of
environmental output to compare the efficiency of conventional and organic crop farms. Technical
efficiency scores are estimated by applying data envelopment analysis to a sample of Finnish farms
for the period 1994 â 2002. We also estimate shadow values, or the opportunity costs, of producing
crop diversity. Our results show that there is variation in the shadow values between farms and the
technology adopted. The findings provide a basis for designing cost-effective policy instruments
such as auctions for conservation payments
The Law of One Price in Data Envelopment Analysis: Restricting Weight Flexibility Across Firms
The Law of One Price (LoOP) states that all firms face the same prices for their inputs and outputs in the competitive market equilibrium. This law has powerful implications for productive efficiency analysis, which have remained unexploited thus far. This paper shows how LoOP-based weight restrictions can be incorporated in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Utilizing the relation between the industry level and the firm level cost efficiency measures, we propose to apply a set of input prices that is common for all firms and that maximizes cost efficiency of the industry. Our framework allows for firm-specific output weights and variable returns-to-scale, and preserves the linear programming structure of the standard DEA. We apply the proposed methodology for evaluating research efficiency of economics departments of Dutch Universities. This application shows that the methodology is computationally tractable for practical efficiency analysis, and that it helps in deepening the DEA analysis.Data Envelopment Analysis; Law of One Price; industry-level efficiency; weight restrictions; research efficiency
Firm and Industry Level Profit Efficiency Analysis Under Incomplete Price Data: A Nonparametric Approach based on Absolute and Uniform Shadow Prices
We discuss the nonparametric approach to profit efficiency analysis at the firm and industry levels in the absence of complete price information, and propose two new insights. First, choosing one commodity (whose price is known) as a numeraire good enables us to measure profit inefficiency in absolute monetary terms. Second, imposing a âLaw of One Priceâ (LoOP) constraint that all firms should be evaluated in terms of the same input-output prices allows us to aggregate firm-level profit inefficiencies to the overall industry inefficiency. Moreover, the LoOP restrictions increase the discriminatory power of the method by better capturing firm-level allocative inefficiencies. Besides the measurement of profit losses, the presented approach enables one to recover absolute price information from quantity data. We conduct a series of Monte Carlo simulations to study the performance of the proposed approach in controlled production environments.Profit Efficiency, Industry Inefficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Absolute Prices, Law of One Price, Weight Restrictions, Simulation
A dynamic stochastic frontier approach with persistent and transient inefficiency and unobserved heterogeneity
This article introduces a dynamic stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) framework with unobserved heterogeneity, persistent and transient inefficiency effects, based on recent advances in the SFA literature. The newly developed dynamic frontier model is applied on a sample of French crop-livestock farms. The estimates provide useful insights for the estimation of the technical efficiency scores as well as for the analysis of the associations of contextual drivers, such as public subsidies and indebtedness, with technical efficiency.Peer reviewe
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